| Title | Pathology of trauma attributed to restraint systems in crash impacts. |
|---|---|
| Record ID | 39074 |
| Personal Name Creator |
Snyder, Richard G.; Snow, Clyde C.; Young, Joseph, W.; Crosby, Warren M.; Price, G. Townley |
| Corporate Contributor |
United States. Office of Aviation Medicine |
| Publisher | Civil Aerospace Medical Institute |
| Publication Date | 19690200 |
| Language | English |
| Abstract | Considerable attention has been focused on the sophisticated restraint and ejection protection of rigidly selected occupants of military aircraft and manned space vehicles. However, the vast majority of occupants of military and both civil transport and general aviation aircraft, as well as the occupants of over eight million new automotive vehicles per year, include a much wider range of sex, age, and physical capability. The means of protecting and yet accommodating this wide range of occupant population are restricted to less sophisticated types of restraint systems. The types and severity of injuries attributed to such systems as the lap belt, 3-point harness, single diagonal belt, and double-torso harness, as well as an experimental double-torso inverted-Y yoke with inertia reel and an air bag restraint system, have been assessed in this study. Sixty experiments were conducted with Savannah baboons (papio cynocephalus). Controlled experiments in a related series of studies considered a nunber of factors, including physical impact patterns typical of a commercial jet transport crash, the side-facing seat installation, and forward, rear, and sidefacing light-aircraft and automotive impacts. One additional impact series investigated effects of seat belt restraint on pregnant maternal and fetal trauma. Both gross and microscopic examinations were conducted post- impact for acute trauma, and three cases of chronic survival injuries 30 days and 90 days post-impact are described. Trauma patterns distinctive of the various restraint systems are identified and described. |
| Rosap ID | dot:20897 |
| Rosap URL | https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/20897 |
| TRT Terms | Vehicle occupants; Restraint systems; Seat belts; Air transportation crashes; Crash injuries; Pregnant women; Fetus; Deceleration; Crash tests; Laboratory animals; Baboons; Inertia; Air bags; Shoulder harnesses; Crash injury research; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Autopsies; Blood analysis; Abdomen; Bone fractures; Spinal column; Vertebrae; Thorax; Internal injuries; Bleeding; Laceration; Abrasions; Contusions; Avulsions; Brain; Fatalities; Three point restraint systems; Traffic crashes |
| General Subjects | Traffic accidents; Aircraft accidents; Automobile occupants; Automobiles--Seat belts--Impact testing; Air bag restraint systems--Impact testing; Crash injuries--Research; Pregnant women; Fetal death; Baboons as laboratory animals--Testing; Autopsy; Blood pressure; Blood--Analysis; Heart beat; Abdomen; Vertebrae; Fractures; Spine; Chest; Uterus, Pregnant; Bruises; Avulsion fractures; Brain |
| Classification | NTL - AVIATION - Aviation Human Factors; NTL - AVIATION - Aviation Safety/Airworthiness; NTL - SAFETY AND SECURITY - Accidents; NTL - SAFETY AND SECURITY - Aviation Safety/Airworthiness; NTL - SAFETY AND SECURITY - Human Factors; NTL - SAFETY AND SECURITY - Vehicle Design |
| Geographical Coverage |
United States |
| Report Number | AM 69-3; DOT/FAA/AM-69/3 |
| Resource type | Tech Report |
| URL | https://ntlrepository.blob.core.windows.net/lib/39000/39000/39074/AM69-03.pdf |
| Format | |
| Database | NTL Digital Repository |